Offences and penalties under motor vehicle act in India

SNo.	Description of offence	Section / Rule	Maximum of punishment Term of Imprisonment/Fine
1.	Driving without holding an effective driving license	S.3r/w.S181 of M.V. Act.	3 months or Rs. 500 or both
2.	Driving by an under-aged person (Minor driving vehicle)	S.4r/w.S.181 of M. V. Act.	3 months or Rs. 500 or both
3.	Owner or person in-charge of a vehicle permitting an unlicensed person or an under-aged person to drive it (Parents/guardians/friends permitting minor to drive vehicle)	S.5r/w.S.180 of M. V. Act.	3 months or Rs. 1000 or both
4.	Holder of a driving license permitting it to be used by other person	S.6(2)r/w.S 177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
5.	(i) Disqualified person driving a vehicle or (ii) applying for or obtaining a driving license or (iii) seeking a license without disclosing endorsements made on driving license previously held.	S.23r/w.S.182(1) of M. V. Act.	3 months or Rs. 500
6.	(i) Disqualified conductor acting as conductor or (ii) applying for  or obtaining a conductor's license or (iii) seeking a license without disclosing endorsements made on license previously held	S.36r/w.S. 182 of M. V. Act.	One month or Rs. 100 or both
7.	Running driving school without a license	R.24 of C.M.V. Rules r/w S.177 of M.V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
8.	Driving a vehicle at an excessive speed	S.112r/w S.183(1) of M.V. Act.	Rs. 400 for first offence Rs. 1,000 for second or subsequent offence
9.	Any person permitting his employee or a person subject to his control to drive a vehicle at an excessive speed	S. 112 r/w S.183 (2) of M. V. Act.	Rs. 300 for first offence Rs. 500 for second or subsequent offence
10.	Driving permitting to drive a vehicle carrying excess load	Ss.113(3),114,115 r/w S.194(1) of M. V. Act.	Minimum Rs. 2,000 and additional Rs. 1,000 per ton of excess load together with charges for off-loading the excess load.
11.	Driving refusing to stop and submit his vehicle to weighing or removing the load prior to weighing	S.114 r/w S.194 (2) of M. V. Act.	Rs. 3,000
12.	Any person driving or permitting to drive any vehicle with a left-hand steering control unless equipped with a device of a prescribed nature.	S.120 r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
13.	Driving  dangerously / its abetment	S.184/S.188 of M. V.  Act.	6 months or Rs.1,000 for first  offence  or  both 2 years or Rs.2,000 for second or subsequent offence within 3 years  of  previous commission or both
14.	Driving by a drunken person or by a person under influence of drugs/its abetment	S.185/S.188 of M. V. Act.	6 months or Rs. 2,000 for first offence or both. 2 Years or Rs. 3000 for second or subsequent offence committed within 3 year of previous commission or both.
15.	Driving when mentally or physically unfit to drive/its abetment	S.186/S.188 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 200 for first offence Rs. 500 for second or subsequent offence
16.	Driving an uninsured vehicle.	S.146 r/w. S. 196 of M. V. Act.	3 months or Rs. 1,000 or both
17.	Driver's failure to obey traffic signs (Red light jumping, violation of yellow line, changing lane without indication, etc.)	S.119 r/w S.177 of M. V.  Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence.
18.	Driver's failure to make prescribed signals on prescribed occasions	S.121 r/w. S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
19.	Violation of restriction of time on HTVs on specified roads/areas	S.115 r/w S. 194 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 2,000
20.	Driver allowing any person to obstruct his control of the vehicle (Sitting at a place so as to hamper driving etc.)	S.125 r/w S.177 of M. v. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
21.	Driver of a two-wheeler/motor cycle carrying more then one person in addition to himself(Triple riding)	S.128 (1) r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence.
22.	Driver and pillion rider failing to wear protective head gear (Helmet)	S.129 r/w S. 177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
23.	Any person in-charge or a vehicle or a trailer abandoning or permitting to abandon, etc. in a public place (Improper and obstructive parking)	Ss.122, 127 r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence (owner shall also be liable for towing costs)
24.	Any person in-charge of a vehicle carrying or permitting to carry any person on the running board etc.	S.123(1) r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
25.	Any person in charge of a vehicle keeping or permitting to keep a vehicle stationery without the required precautions	S.126 r/w S.177 of  M. V.  Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
26.	Failure to take precautions at unguarded Railway level crossings	S.131 r/w S. 177  of  M. V.  Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
27.	Failure of driver to stop in certain cases	S.132 r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
28.	Using mobile phone while driving a vehicle	R.21(25) of C.M.V. rules r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
29.	Carrying persons in excess of seating capacity in goods carriage	R.21(10) of C.M.V. Rules r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
30.	Demanding excess fare by Autorickshaw / Taxi	R.21(23) of C. M. V. Rules r/w S. 177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
31.	Driving motor vehicle without number plates (Not displaying number plate)	R.50 of C.M.V. Rules r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
32.	Carrying of explosive and highly inflammable substance in transport vehicle.	S. 177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
33.	Any person travelling on the running board or on the top or on the bonnet of a motor vehicle.	S.123(2) r/w S.177 of M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
34.	Any person keeping a disabled vehicle in any public place so as to cause impediment to the free flow of traffic.	S. 201  of  M.V.  Act.	Rs. 50 per hour besides towing charges
35.	Failure to intimate changes of residence or place of business by owner of a vehicle within time prescribed.	S.49 r/w S.177 of  M.V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence (However, State Government may prescribe different amounts having regard to period of delay)
36.	Failure to report to Registering Authority fact of transfer of  vehicle  within time prescribed	S.50 r/w S.177 of  M. V. Act.	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence (However, State Government may prescribe different amounts having regard to period of delay)
37.	Unauthorised alteration in vehicle (including those facilitating its operation by a different type of fuel)	S.52 r/w S.177 of  M. V. Act	Rs.100 for first offence Rs.300 for second or subsequent offence (However, State Government may prescribe different amounts having regard to period of delay)
38.	Driver, in a public place, failing to  produce his license, on demand, to any police officer in uniform	S.130(1) r/w S.177 of M. V. Act	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
39.	Conductor, in any public place, failing to produce his license, on demand, by any officer of the Motor Vehicles Department	S.130(2) r/w S.177 of  M. V. Act	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
40.	Owner or driver  or person in-charge of a motor vehicle, on demand by a registering authority, or any other officer of the Motor Vehicles Department failing to produce (i) the certificate of insurance of the vehicle, and where the vehicle is a transport vehicle (ii) certificate of fitness, and (iii) permit	S.130(3) r/w S.177 of  M. V. Act	Rs. 100 for first offence Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence
41.	Any person driving a motor vehicle in any public place, on demand by a police officer in uniform or officers of Motor Vehicles Department, failing to produce (a)          (a)         The certificate of insurance. (b)          (b)         The certificate of registration. (c)           (c)         The driving license & in case of a transport vehicle. (d)          (d)         Certificate of fitness and (e)          (e)         The permit	S.158 r/w S.177  of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 100 for first offence. Rs. 300 for second or subsequent offence.
42.	When the driver or conductor of a motor vehicle is accused of any offence under the M. V. Act. The owner of such vehicle failing, on demand, by a police officer authorised to give information regarding the name and address of and the license held by the driver or conductor.	S.133 r/w S.187 of  M. V.  Act	3 months or Rs.500 for the first offence or  both 6 months or Rs. 1,000 for subsequent offence or both
43.	When any person is injured or any property of a third party is damaged in a motor vehicle accident, the driver or person in-charge of the vehicle. (a)      (a)     Not providing medical aid to the victim of the accident. (b)      (b)    Not giving information regarding the accident, etc. on demand by a police officer or at the nearest police station. (c)      (c)    not giving the information regarding accident to the insurer.	S.134 r/w S.187 of M. V.  Act	3 months or Rs. 500 for first offence or both 6 months or Rs.1, 000 for subsequent offence or both.
44.	Any  person  driving  or  owner  permitting  to  drive  vehicle  without  effective  registration  or  displaying  false  registration  marks  in  any  public  or  in  any  other  place  (Using "unregistered  vehicles"  or  displaying"  "Applied  for")	S.39(1) r/w S. 192(1) of  M. V.  Act	Upto  Rs. 5,000  for  first  offence  but  not  less  than  Rs. 2,000 One  year  or  upto  Rs. 10,000  for  second  or  subsequent  offence  but  not  less  than  Rs. 5,000  or  both
45.	Plying  a  vehicle  with  registration  mark  or  other  State  for  more  than  12  months	S.47 r/w S.177  of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 100  for  first  offence Rs. 300 for second  or  subsequent  offence
46.	Any  person  driving  or  permitting  to  drive  a  vehicle  without  the  necessary  permit  for  the  route  or  area  in  which  or  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  being  used	S. 66(1) r/w S.192-A of M. V. Act	Upto  Rs. 5,000  for  first  offence  but  not  less  than  Rs. 2,000 Upto one  year  but  not being les than 3 months, upto Rs.10,000 for  second  or  subsequent  offence  but  not  less  than  Rs. 5,000
47.	Any  manufacturer using sub-standard  articles  or  process	S. 109(3) r/w S.182-A  of  M.V. Act	Rs. 1,000  for  first  offence Rs. 5,000 for second or subsequent offence
48.	Any  person  driving  or  permitting  to  drive  in  any  public  place  a  defective motor vehicle or trailer, if such defect results in an accident causing bodily injury or damage to property	S. 190 (1) of M. V.  Act	3  months  or  Rs. 1,000  or both
49.	Any person driving or permitting to drive in any public place any motor vehicle which violates the standards prescribed in relation to road safety, control of noise and air pollution. (Using vehicle with defective or without silence, etc.)	S. 190(2) of M. V. Act	Rs. 1,000  for  first  offence Rs. 2,000 for second or subsequent offence
50.	Any person driving or permitting to drive in any public place a motor vehicle which violates the provisions of M. V. Act or Rules  relating  to  dangerous or  hazardous  goods.	S.190(3) of  M. V. Act	One year of Rs. 3,000 for first  offence  or  both 3 years  or  Rs. 5,000  for  second  or  subsequent  offence  or  both.
51.	Any  importer  or  dealer  selling, delivering  or  offering  to  sell  or  deliver  a  motor  vehicle  or  trailer  in  such  a  condition  or  altered  condition  that  its  use  in  a  public  place  would  contravene  Chap.  VII  of  M. V.  Act.	S. 191  of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 500
52.	Any  person  travelling  in  a  stage  carriage  without  ticket  or  pass,  or not  producing  ticket  or  pass  on  requisition	S. 124 r/w S.178(1)  of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 500
53.	Conductor  of  a  stage  carriage  wilfully  or  negligently  failing  to  accept  fare  or  issue  ticket  or  supplies  a  ticket  of  a  lesser  value  or  Checking  inspector  wilfully  or  negligently  failing  or  refusing  to  check  pass  or  ticket	S. 178(2) of M. V.  Act	Rs. 500
54.	Permit  holder  or  contract  carriage  refusing  to  ply  or  to  carry  passengers : (a)     (a)    in  the  case  of  two-wheelers or  three-wheelers (b)     (b)    in  the  case  of  others	S.178(3)  of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 50 Rs. 200
55.	Any  person  disobeying  directions  given  by  any  person  or  authority  empowered,  or  obstructing  any  person  or  authority  in  the  discharge  of  his  functions  under  the  M. V.  Act	S. 179(1) of  M. V.  Act	Rs. 500
56.	Any  passenger  withholding  the  required  information  or  giving  false  information	S. 179(2) of  M. V. Act	One  month  or  Rs. 500  or  both
57.	Racing  and  trials  of  speed	S. 189  of  M. V. Act	One month or Rs. 500 or both
58.	Any  person  engaging  himself  as  an  agent  or  canvasser  in  contravention  of  S. 93  or  Rules  made  thereunder	S. 93r / wS.193 of M.V. Act.	Rs. 1,000 for first offence 6 months or Rs. 2000 for second or subsequent offence or both.
59.	Taking  vehicle  without  authority	S. 197  of  M. V.  Act	3  months or  Rs. 500 or  both
60.	Unauthorized  interference  with  vehicle	S.198 of M.V. Act	Rs. 100

Indian-origin engineers create device for faster wireless technology

Using an inexpensive Rs.3,600 inkjet printer, two Indian-origin electrical engineers at the University of Utah have for the first time produced microscopic structures that use light in metals to carry information.

This new technique, which controls electrical conductivity within such micro-structures, could be used to rapidly fabricate superfast components in electronic devices -- making wireless technology faster or printing magnetic materials.

A recently discovered technology called plasmonics marries the best aspects of optical and electronic data transfer.

By crowding light into metal structures with dimensions far smaller than its wavelength, data can be transmitted at much higher frequencies such as terahertz frequencies.

'Very little well developed technology exists to create terahertz plasmonic devices, which have the potential to make wireless devices such as Bluetooth -- which operates at 2.4 gigahertz frequency -- 1,000 times faster than they are today,' explained Ajay Nahata, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and senior author.

Using a commercially available inkjet printer and two different colour cartridges filled with silver and carbon ink, Nahata and his colleague Barun Gupta printed 10 different plasmonic structures with a periodic array of 2,500 holes with different sizes and spacing on a 2.5-inch-by-2.5 inch plastic sheet.

'Because we can draw and print these structures exactly as we want them, our technique lets you make rapid changes to the plasmonic properties of the metal, without the million dollar instrumentation typically used to fabricate these structures,' Nahata added.

Depending on the relative amounts of silver and carbon ink used, the researchers could control the plasmonic array's electrical conductivity or how efficient it was in carrying an electrical current.

Plasmonic arrays are currently made using micro-fabrication techniques that require expensive equipment and manufacture only one array at a time.

Until now, controlling conductivity in these arrays has proven extremely difficult for researchers.

Nahata and Gupta used terahertz imaging to measure the effect of printed plasmonic arrays on a beam of light.

When light with terahertz frequency is directed at a periodic array of holes in a metal layer, it can result in resonance -- a fundamental property best illustrated by a champagne flute shattering when it encounters a musical tone of the right pitch.

According to Nahata, with this new printing technique, 'We have an extra level of control over both the transmission of light and electrical conductivity in these devices'.

You can now design structures with as many different variations as the printer can produce, he added in a study that appeared in the journal Advanced Optical Materials.

These faster plasmonic arrays could prove useful for wireless devices and printing magnetic materials for greater functionality in different devices.

Nokia X - First android phone from nokia

Launch of Nokia’s first ‘Android phone’ – Nokia X – at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, the company has brought the phone to India. Priced at Rs 8,599 (best buy), the phone is available for purchase.

Although Nokia X is based on Android, it is very different from other phones in the market that work on the Google’s OS. Here are six ways in which the Nokia X is different from the crowd.

ANDROID SANS GOOGLE

Nokia X’s operating system has been built on Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This is just a fraction of Google’s OS seen in many of today’s phones. AOSP doesn’t come with proprietary Google code and hence, Google apps such as Play Store, Google Maps, etc, will not be available on Nokia X. Over the years, Google has been linking several key features to Google Play Services, which isn’t available under AOSP. If an app makes use of any of these features, Nokia X won’t be able to run it.

For further information on the limitations of AOSP, you can read two articles on the subject at Ars Technica. One is about Google’s iron grip on Android and the other explains why forking Android is not the best idea.

DISTINCT MICROSOFT FLAVOUR

Nokia X comes with a customised tile-based interface that reminds of Windows Phone. Couple that with Microsoft services such as OneDrive, Outlook and Nokia’s own Here Maps, and it’s easy to mistake this phone for a Windows Phone device.

Nokia said it is working on an easy way to migrate your data from the Nokia X to Lumia phones. More details on that should be available in the coming weeks.

FAST LANE

Nokia X just has one button below its touchscreen display. This is a back button that looks identical to the one on new Asha series phones. It’s not surprising that Nokia also brought the Fast Lane interface from Asha to the X. Fast Lane gives you quick access to your favourite actions, whether it is playing music or calling. It also keeps you updated on upcoming events from your calendar.

FIXED FOCUS

The Nokia X’s camera does not have auto-focus, which is a bit baffling considering the phone’s price. The Lumia 520 costs less than the X and comes with auto-focus. If you love photography, then the Nokia X’s camera is going to prove a little restrictive.

THE APP MARKET

The biggest concern, however, is availability of apps. Nokia ships the phone with apps such as Facebook and Opera, along with a Nokia app store, where you can download many other apps and games. You can also sideload apps (download the .apk file and install), but that may not be a great idea because the app may not be optimised for the device. Nokia allows you to access third-party Android app stores to download apps that aren’t available on the Nokia store.

BUILD QUALITY

At the launch event in New Delhi, a Nokia representative threw the phone down from a height of five feet and even banged it against wooden surface. The Nokia X didn’t break and continued to work smoothly after that. Of course, it doesn’t mean that you’ll be able to claim warranty if you manage to break your Nokia X. Still, the demo was interesting and we will definitely test the build quality as soon as Nokia sends us a review unit.

Overall, Nokia’s phone is in the news because it stands out. There is no dearth of Android phones in the market, but the Nokia X is definitely going to grab eyeballs.

GENERAL	2G Network	GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - SIM 1 & SIM 2
		GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
	3G Network	HSDPA 900 / 2100
	SIM	Optional Dual SIM (Micro-SIM)
	Announced	2014, February
	Status	Available. Released 2014, March

BODY	Dimensions	115.5 x 63 x 10.4 mm, 73.2 cc (4.55 x 2.48 x 0.41 in)
	Weight	128.7 g (4.52 oz)

DISPLAY	Type	IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors
	Size	480 x 800 pixels, 4.0 inches (~233 ppi pixel density)
	Multitouch	Yes, up to 2 fingers

SOUND	Alert types	Vibration; MP3, WAV ringtones
	Loudspeaker	Yes
	3.5mm jack	Yes

MEMORY	Card slot	microSD, up to 32 GB
	Internal	4 GB, 512 MB RAM

DATA	GPRS	Up to 85.6 kbps
	EDGE	Up to 236.8 kbps
	Speed	HSDPA, 7.2 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps
	WLAN	Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot
	Bluetooth	Yes, v3.0 with A2DP, HS
	USB	Yes, microUSB v2.0

CAMERA	Primary	3.15 MP, 2048 x 1536 pixels
	Features	1/5'' sensor size, panorama, face detection
	Video	Yes, 480p@30fps
	Secondary	No

FEATURES	OS	Android OS, v4.1.2 (Jelly Bean)
	Chipset	Qualcomm MSM8225 Snapdragon S4 Play
	CPU	Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A5
	GPU	Adreno 203
	Sensors	Accelerometer, proximity
	Messaging	SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Email, IM
	Browser	HTML
	Radio	Stereo FM radio
	GPS	Yes, with A-GPS support
	Java	Yes, via Java MIDP emulator
	Colors	Bright green, bright red, cyan, yellow, black, white
		- SNS integration - MP3/WAV/eAAC+/Flac player - MP4/H.264/H.263 player - Document viewer - Photo editor - Voice memo/dial - Predictive text input

BATTERY		Li-Ion 1500 mAh battery (BN-01)
	Stand-by	Up to 408 h
	Talk time	Up to 13 h 20 min (2G) / Up to 10 h 30 min (3G)
	Music play	Up to 26 h